agriculture tips

From the beginning of the creation of the earth, the climate is being changed gradually; thereby getting suitable for animals and plants to survive. The trend of this climate change was very slow. But a remarkable change in climate is being noticed in many countries of the world for the last century. Climate change due to increase in temperature has been created an unfavorable condition in nature. The developed world is responsible for this change. The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing due to urbanization, mechanical civilization, industrialization, injudicious use of fuel and coal, deforestation etc. For that reason, world temperature is increasing day by day. Now- a- days, Bangladesh is identified as the most affected and hazardous country in the world. Human Development of the United Nations (2007- 08) said that seven core people of Bangladesh will be affected due to climate change. Due to geographical location and geo-natural characteristics, Banglad

Fisheries sector plays an important role to meet up the nutritional requirement, create employment opportunity, earn foreign currency that means overall economic development of Bangladesh. Bangladesh possesses third position in the world for collecting fish from internal water bodies and possesses fifth position for culturing fish. There is about 4.7 million hectare area of internal open and closed water body including river, canal-beel, haor, pond, lake, tidal area etc. in this country. Moreover, there is wide sea area of 1 lakh 66 thousand square kilometer. Presently, fish production from these water bodies is not sufficient as compared with its area. More production can be possible from them. Presently (2010-2011), fish production in this country is about 30.60 metric ton and target production is 34.78 metric ton up to the year of 2012-2013. Although, fish production in this country has gradually been increased for last few years, and it is increased due to fish culture. But, natura

Adaptation Mechanisms of Crops We know that to survive in unfavorable environment, plant adjust themselves by different physiological and bio- chemical changes. The technique of this adjustment is known as adaptation. Based on the knowledge about adaptation mechanisms of crops, the agricultural scientists have been developed various crop varieties which are suitable to be cultivated under unfavorable condition. We shall discuss the adaptation mechanisms of crops to drought, salinity, submergence or flood etc. unfavorable or adverse environment in this chapter. A. Adaptation mechanisms of crops to drought We have learnt about drought in previous. There is a lack of moisture in soil, low water vapor in air, high temperature and high intensity of sunlight under drought condition. In this condition crop plants survive through drought escaping and drought prevention. 1. Drought escaping : The easiest way of adaptation of crops in drought is drought escaping. The completion of life cycle dur

It is important to overcome from the negative impact of climate change on fish biodiversity and production. Otherwise, in one way as environmental balance will be destroyed, in another way our food security will be seriously threatened. We need to take steps for adapting with the changing environment to overcome the negative impact of climatic change. For this purpose, following adaptation techniques can be undertaken- Though salinity is increasing in coastal region due to climatic change, so steps should be taken to produce saline tolerant fish and fries. Like vetki, bata, porshe etc. The water body where salinity is increasing, shrimp and crab can be cultivated. Drought prone area where low rainfall occurs, big fries can be cultivated in the temporary water. For this reason, big fries should be stocked in the locality. Tilapia is much more drought tolerant fish. Koi and deshi magur can also be cultivated in drought prone regions. In flood prone areas or where more rainfall occurs, th

Effect of Climate Change on Livestock and PoultryGlobal temperature and destruction of environment caused by human being is one of the reasons for climate change. Our country is regularly affected by different natural disasters. The disasters are attacking on different countries regularly due to climatic change. Livestock and poultry are greatly affected by various natural disasters like heavy tsunami, sea cyclone, tornado, flood and drought. For this reason, farm owner or farmers do not get economic benefit. For recovering this loss in some extent, several steps should be taken during and after the disaster. Considering the fact of natural disaster in Bangladesh, protection and awareness should be raised up against sea cyclone, tornado, flood, drought, mountain rain, excessive rainfall etc. By this time, sal forest of Barendra region, Patnitola and Najipur forest of Rajshahi have beenextinct. As a result, extreme drought occurs in this region. Except reestablishment of those forest ar

Adaptation involves the technique to adapt of a species with its environment. It should be remembered that adaptation process is accomplished in animal body. Animal adaptation is controlled by environmental weather and climate. So, adaptation depends on environmental temperature, humidity, wind blowing and its properties, height of the place from the sea level and physical structure & physical condition of animal. Animal can survive by facing those properties of adaptation. It is the normal phenomenon of nature. Although human being can protect them by their knowledge if suddenly massive climatic change occurs, but livestock and poultry cannot be adapted in that situation. Because livestock and poultry are helpless and gentle animal. Many of them are to be able to adapt with the environment if the climatic change is occurred slowly in that area. Many species may also be extinct due to unable to adapt with environment. People�s help is required for animal adaptation in unfavorable a

Introduction  There is slight resemblance of body characteristic between shing and magur fish. Their body is long, ventral side cylindrical, dorsal side flattened and scales less, upper and lower side of head is flattened. Four pair�s antenna in head and one pair spines are present in both sides of head. But shing fish is smaller than magur fish in size and head is comparatively thin. Spines of both sides are toxic in shing fish and that�s why if stung by spine of shing fish, much pain is felt in affected area. The color of shing fish is brownish red in younger stage and grayish black in adult stage. On the other hand, the color of magur fish is dark brown in younger stage and grayish brown in adult stage. A special characteristic of shing and magur is that they have an extra respiratory system except gill and by which they can receive oxygen directly from air. So, they can survive long time in water with less oxygen and even in without water. That�s why shing and magur fish are called

Pabda and gulsha fishes are available in beel, haor, river, pond and lake. These fishes are very tasty. That�s why; demand and market price of the fishes are comparatively high. Pabda fish is 15-30 cm long, flattened body and back side gradually thinner than front side. Mouth is very wide and curved. Lower jaw is wider than upper jaw and two pair long barbs are present in the front side of mouth. Dorsal fin is small, anal fin is very long and tail is divided into two parts. Color of upper level (dorsal) is grayish silver whereas belly side (ventral) is white. Black spots are found in the back of the operculum nearer to the neck. A yellowish stripe may be found on the lining of backbone. Pabda fish breeds from May to August. Maximum breeding can be carried out at June-July. Gulsha fish is 15-23 cm long and body flattened from side. Dorsal side is curved, mouth is small, upper jaw is slightly enlarged. 4 pair barbs are present in mouth. Dorsal and operculum fin are with long spine. Coat

Preservation of Milk: Milk preservation may be defined as the process of keeping milk safe as drinking food for a definite period of time free from spoilage. Milk has to be screened and chilled immediately after milking. Milk preservation system is not so easy. Because, the chemical structure of milk is easily changed. Generally, raw milk is sold everywhere in Bangladesh. If milk is kept for long time in raw condition, milk quality is deteriorated. In normal temperature (room temperature), various microorganisms in milk cause sour taste by producing lactic acid. Streptococci, a microorganism, mainly produce acid in milk. In normal temperature, microorganisms cause deterioration of milk by their multiplication.  Method of Milk Preservation A) Old method for milk preservation: Milk preservation by boiling: This method is most easy in household level. If boiling once, it will keep milk fresh up to 4 hours. So, if boiling milk for 20 minutes in every 4 hours, all kinds of disease causing

If considering the above discussion on agricultural co-operative, we can understand easily that agricultural co-operative is an integrated activity. This noble activity is just started by the decision of being united of the persons who are interested about this matter before they are to be active in agricultural production by co-operative. Second, very important step is adding land and money to co-operative and before this, it is required for main condition of co-operative i.e. rules which are finalized after discussion. In this case, helps can be taken from the office nearer to national cooperative department. Suggestion can be taken from Upazilla Agricultural, Livestock and Fisheries Officer. Co-operative organization is to be established following the constitution of agricultural co-operative executed by department of co-operative. Such kind of co-operative cannot be forwarded more by only making same opinion for doing agriculture altogether unless building up the co-operative organ

Concept of Coastal Afforestation The natural forest conservation and afforestation in the coastal regions of Bangladesh has been reached at danger due to salinity and repeated natural calamities. The environmental balance of these coastal regions influences environmental balance of the entire country. For this reason, making coastal green prevaricate by cultivating salinity tolerant crops and planting trees tolerant to salinity, tidal surge and cyclone in the coastal areas is essential. If it is possible to execute this plan, besides escaping human, livestock and natural resources from natural calamities the coastal inhabitants can also be economically benefitted. Characteristics of Trees Used for Coastal Afforestation  The coastal forest areas are also called saline soil areas. Saline soil regions include the coastal areas of Bagerhat, Khulna, Satkhira, Patuakhali, Barguna, Bhola, Barisal and surroundings char regions. The main tree species of these regions are- coconut, hogplum, date

Tree is our very valuable national resource. Though it is necessary to plant tree for economic need, for the same reason tree felling may be necessary. Generally tree felling is performed after the completion of plant�s life cycle. But there is an exception for those plants which are used for beautification and environmental conservation. Tree felling and wood collection are very important aspect. For this purpose, it is necessary to know various methodologies. After cutting plant, if it is not used as pillar, it should be sawn and should be assembled wood of necessary amount. Thereafter seasoning is necessary to increase the longevity of wood. Proper processing is also necessary to increase the longevity of bamboo. In this condition, by seasoning wood or bamboo, their quality and longevity can be increased. Time of Tree Felling or Time of Rotation The duration from seedling plantation to maximum growth of the tree when it attains maturity and becomes usable is called time tree felling